非线性负载的功率修正
Power correction of nonlinear load
非线性负载含有感性、容性等元器件的负载均为非线性负载，如机房空调、不间断电源UPS、灯具调光系统和整流滤波器设备等。这种负载通常在通信、网络数据中心、数据交换中心、金融结算中心、机场跑道的照明调光和重要系统调度中心等关键部门的应用极为广泛。
The load of nonlinear load containing inductive and capacitive components is nonlinear load, such as room air conditioner, uninterruptible power supply UPS, lamp dimming system and rectifier filter equipment. This load is widely applied in key sectors such as communication, network data center, data exchange center, financial settlement center, airport runway lighting and lighting control system, and important system dispatching center.
非线性负载会向柴油发电机组反射大量的高次谐波，其中以5次和7次谐波危害最严重，尤其是非线性负载较大而发电机组容量又较小时这种危害就更明显，其后果将出现机组的谐振、稳定时间延长和负载设备误动作，严重时会损坏AVR和负载设备。这一问题在机组的选型过程中经常未引起足够的重视(由于在用市电供电时影响不大)，最终待到运行时才发现无法正常工作，造成无法挽回的损失。
The nonlinear load will high harmonics to the diesel generator with a large number of reflection, the most serious 5 and 7 harmonics, especially the nonlinear load of large generator capacity and lower the harm is more obvious, the consequences will be resonant and stable time unit extension and load equipment malfunction, severe damage AVR and load equipment. This problem often does not cause enough attention in the selection process of the unit (because it doesn't have much influence when using the power supply of the city power), until finally, it will not be able to work properly until it runs, resulting in irreparable losses.
直接启动的机房空调因感应电动机直接起动时起动电流为正常电流的6一7倍，而且功率因数很低，电动机起动瞬间发电机的端电压会下降到低于正常值80%以下，从而影响其他负载的供电。就UPS而言，是一种应用很广的典型非线性负载，其对电源系统的影响表现为：
The direct startup of the machine room air conditioner is due to the direct current start of the induction motor, which is 6 times 7 times the normal current, and the power factor is very low. When the motor starts, the terminal voltage of the generator will descend below 80% of the normal value, which will affect the power supply of other loads. As far as UPS is concerned, it is a typical nonlinear load with a wide range of applications, and its impact on the power system is as follows:
a.发电机组的输出电压突然增高到440V以上，其后果是造成UPS损坏。
The output voltage of the A. generator unit increases suddenly to more than 440V, and the result is the damage of UPS.
b.发电机组输出频率到50一60Hz，致使UPS保护动作。
The output frequency of the B. generator set is 50 to 60Hz, causing the UPS protection action.
c.发电机组在出现频率或电压异常的同时出现严重的机械共振现象，柴油机出现有节奏的摇摆和声音起伏，严重时还出现损坏发电机的励磁回路和AVR(自动电压调节器)。
The C. generator has serious mechanical resonance at the same time when the frequency or voltage is abnormal. The diesel engine has rhythmic swaying and sound fluctuation. When it is serious, it also damages generator excitation circuit and AVR (automatic voltage regulator).
d.UPS因检测到过电压或过频率而自动关断整流器，由后备电池组向负载放电或从旁路直接向负载供电。
D.UPS automatically switches off the rectifier because of overvoltage or over frequency detection, which is discharged by the backup battery group to the load or directly to the load from the bypass.
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